Answer at least 30 points of questions. You may answer up to
a total of 35 points worth of questions.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1.
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A water molecule is made up of
a. | two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. | b. | two oxygen atoms
bonded together. | c. | two hydrogen atoms bonded together. | d. | two oxygen atoms bonded to a hydrogen
atom. |
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2.
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Because water consists of polar molecules,
a. | water molecules tend to stick together. | b. | it falls as sleet or
snow when temperatures are cold. | c. | most of it is found at the North and South
Poles. | d. | it can be attracted using a magnet. |
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3.
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Water is often called the universal solvent because
a. | it exists in all three states on Earth. | b. | its frozen form
floats on its liquid form. | c. | it can cling to the fibers of paper and
cloth. | d. | it dissolves so many substances. |
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4.
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The gaseous form of water is called
a. | water vapor. | b. | salt water. | c. | snow. | d. | rain. |
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5.
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When water evaporates, it becomes a
a. | solid. | b. | gas. | c. | liquid. | d. | solvent. |
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6.
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What happens to liquid water at 0°C?
a. | It boils. | b. | It freezes. | c. | It
condenses. | d. | It evaporates. |
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7.
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The process by which a gas changes into a liquid is called
a. | evaporation. | b. | condensation. | c. | melting. | d. | freezing. |
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8.
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Plants use water to
a. | keep predators away. | b. | release as a waste product. | c. | make their own
food. | d. | attract pollinators. |
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9.
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Approximately what percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?
a. | 3 percent | b. | 71 percent | c. | 30
percent | d. | 97 percent |
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10.
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As water moves slowly through a wetland, some waste materials settle out, some
wastes are absorbed by plants, and silt and mud is trapped by plant roots. In this way, wetlands act
as natural
a. | tributaries. | b. | artesian wells. | c. | filters. | d. | habitats. |
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11.
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Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers is
called
a. | rainwater. | b. | water vapor. | c. | salt
water. | d. | groundwater. |
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12.
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Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called
a. | evaporation. | b. | condensation. | c. | transpiration. | d. | precipitation. |
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13.
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The total amount of water on Earth
a. | depends on the weather. | b. | is decreasing. | c. | is
increasing. | d. | is fairly constant. |
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14.
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A river system is made up of a river and its
a. | divides. | b. | runoff. | c. | sediments. | d. | tributaries. |
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15.
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The streams and small rivers that feed into a main river are called
a. | watersheds. | b. | divides. | c. | tributaries. | d. | wetlands. |
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16.
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A lake that stores water for human use is called a(n)
a. | pond. | b. | reservoir. | c. | oxbow
lake. | d. | dam. |
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17.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of freshwater wetland?
a. | a swamp | b. | a marsh | c. | a
lake | d. | a bog |
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18.
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Wetlands provide habitats for many living things because of their sheltered
waters and
a. | ability to prevent floods. | b. | lack of insects. | c. | thick layer of
mud. | d. | large supply of nutrients. |
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19.
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Wetlands help control flooding by
a. | providing natural water filtration. | b. | quickly releasing water. | c. | absorbing runoff
from heavy rains. | d. | collecting water behind
dams. |
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20.
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Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are
a. | impermeable. | b. | permeable. | c. | saturated. | d. | unsaturated |
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21.
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People can obtain groundwater by drilling a well
a. | into the unsaturated zone. | b. | above the water table. | c. | into an
aquifer. | d. | into the impermeable layer. |
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22.
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An aquifer is a(n)
a. | well in which water rises because of pressure. | b. | place where
groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock. | c. | type of hot spring
from which the water periodically erupts. | d. | underground layer of rock or sediment that
holds water. |
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23.
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A well in which groundwater rises because of pressure is called a(n)
a. | spring well. | b. | geyser well. | c. | artesian
well. | d. | dry well. |
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24.
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Using less water so that it will not be used up is called
a. | distribution. | b. | irrigation. | c. | desalination. | d. | conservation. |
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25.
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Which of the following is a way to conserve water?
a. | reusing water in a factory to cool hot machinery | b. | letting the water
run while you brush your teeth | c. | using open ditches to carry water for
irrigation | d. | taking longer showers |
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26.
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The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance is
its
a. | concentration. | b. | desalination. | c. | coagulation. | d. | filtration. |
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27.
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The pH of water is a measure of its
a. | acidity. | b. | color. | c. | saltiness. | d. | cloudiness. |
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28.
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Pure water is neutral, meaning it is neither an acid nor a base. Pure water has
a pH of
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29.
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The first step in treating water from a river or lake is usually
a. | filtration. | b. | concentration. | c. | coagulation. | d. | chlorination. |
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30.
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What enables water to move through a system of pipes?
a. | water quality | b. | pH | c. | hardness | d. | water pressure |
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31.
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In many communities, a network of pipes called sanitary sewers carries sewage
away to
a. | hydroelectric power plants. | b. | wastewater treatment
plants. | c. | desalination plants. | d. | irrigation
systems. |
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32.
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Many homes that are not connected to public sanitary sewers might dispose of
sewage using a(n)
a. | well. | b. | reservoir. | c. | septic
system. | d. | aquifer. |
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33.
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Specific sources of pollution that can be identified are called
a. | nonpoint sources. | b. | point sources. | c. | sewage. | d. | runoff. |
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34.
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Which of the following is NOT a major source of freshwater pollution?
a. | wetlands | b. | industrial wastes | c. | human and animal
wastes | d. | agricultural chemicals |
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35.
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A water pollutant that is caused by smoke and exhaust is
a. | sewage. | b. | heat pollution. | c. | road
runoff. | d. | acid rain. |
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36.
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Pesticides are most likely to be found in runoff from
a. | homes. | b. | roads. | c. | factories. | d. | farm fields. |
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37.
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A pollutant often found in road runoff is
a. | industrial chemicals. | b. | oil. | c. | pesticides. | d. | sewage. |
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38.
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Which of these examples is a water-conservation technique that also reduces
water pollution?
a. | factories making printing inks with water instead of chemical
solvents | b. | farmers using fewer pesticides on farm fields | c. | farmers planting
fields of coarse grass that filter out pollutants | d. | factories reusing cooling water instead of
returning it to a river |
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39.
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An example of how living things can help clean up polluted water is
a. | allowing the rock in an aquifer to naturally purify groundwater. | b. | avoiding using
fertilizers on lawns or gardens. | c. | driving more gas-powered
vehicles. | d. | adding oil-eating bacteria to water polluted by an oil
spill. |
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40.
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A drought is a long period of
a. | unusually hot weather. | b. | rain coming late in the
year. | c. | less rainfall than normal. | d. | heavy, damaging
rains. |
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41.
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Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because they
a. | burn so quickly. | b. | are in such high demand. | c. | pollute the
air. | d. | take hundreds of millions of years to form. |
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42.
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What is the result of using fossil fuels more rapidly than they are
formed?
a. | The price of fossil fuels will fall. | b. | The reserves will not be
affected. | c. | The reserves will eventually be used up. | d. | The reserves will be
refilled more quickly. |
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43.
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To create less waste in the first place is to
a. | reuse. | b. | incinerate. | c. | reduce. | d. | recycle. |
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44.
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The process of restoring an area of land to a more natural, productive state is
called
a. | erosion. | b. | nutrient depletion. | c. | land
reclamation. | d. | desertification. |
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45.
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Most of Earth’s water (about 97 percent) is
a. | in the form of snow or ice. | b. | in the clouds. | c. | fresh water in lakes
and rivers. | d. | salt water in the oceans. |
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46.
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Water moves continually between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface in the
process called
a. | water pollution. | b. | the water cycle. | c. | global
warming. | d. | temperature inversion. |
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47.
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Most water pollution is the result of
a. | human activities. | b. | volcanic eruptions. | c. | drought. | d. | storms. |
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48.
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A river flowing across a wide flood plain begins to form looplike bends
called
a. | rills. | b. | deltas. | c. | meanders. | d. | outside curves. |
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49.
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How would a fast-flowing river be most likely to move sand-sized particles of
sediment?
a. | It would dissolve them completely in solution. | b. | It would lift them
and carry them downstream. | c. | It would deposit them on the
streambed. | d. | It would roll or slide them along the streambed. |
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50.
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As more water flows through a river, its speed will
a. | reduce friction between the water and the streambed. | b. | increase. | c. | stay the same. | d. | decrease. |
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51.
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Which of the following is evidence that an area was once covered by a
glacier?
a. | alluvial fan | b. | V-shaped valley | c. | U-shaped
valley | d. | loess deposits |
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52.
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Soil is a valuable resource because it
a. | has all three soil horizons. | b. | is important to all living things on
land. | c. | contains sand and gravel. | d. | is rich in
decomposers. |
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53.
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What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?
a. | erosion by water or wind | b. | mechanical weathering | c. | chemical
weathering | d. | too many organisms in the soil |
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54.
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A permeable rock weathers easily because it
a. | contains many small, connected airspaces. | b. | is made up of only
one mineral. | c. | is made up of many minerals. | d. | is made up of small
particles. |
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